Update of the 1992 Thorne Classification of the Angiospermae in Botanical Review (22 October, 1992)
letter converted to HTML 14/5/97
The September publication of my Botanical Review paper on the "Classification and Geography of the Flowering Plants" is already somewhat obsolete because of the July conference on the Centrospermae at Heidelberg and some 100 significant papers that have come to my attention since I sent the manuscript off to the editors last spring. I consider all of these relevant to a better understanding of angiosperm origins and relationships. Also Jim Reveal has suggested a number of name changes based upon our mutual acceptance of "the principles of priority, autonymy and the substitution of alternative names." Because of the rapid increase in our information about the numerous angiosperm families, especially in view of the new molecular taxonomic approaches, it is imperative that our classification of the Angiospermae remain highly elastic. Hence, below are listed the changes that seem necessary in my classification:
Caryophyllanae
Removal of Molluginaceae from Phytolaccineae to Caryophyllineae
Recognition of Achatocarpineae for Achatocarpaceae, placed between Caryophyllineae and Portulacineae
Placement of Stegnospermataceae as the least specialized family of the Phytolaccineae
Reduction of Petiveriaceae, Agdestidaceae, and Barbeuiaceae to subfamily status under Phytolaccaccae
Dillenianae (1966) has priority over Theanae (1992)
Acccording to the principle of autonomy Dilleniales must be used for Theales
Expansion of Nepenthineae to include Ancistrocladaceae, Dioncopyllaceae, and Droseraceae as well as Nepenthaceae (See Albert et al., 1992, Science 257: 1491-1495)
Malvanae
Sphaerosepalaceae (1959) has priority over Diegodendraceae (1964) and Rhopalocarpaceae (1987)
Rosanae
In Rosales transfer of Lindleya, Lyonothamnus, and Vauquelinia from Spiraeoideae to Quillajoideae of Rosaceae (See Zhang, 1992, Wood Anatomy of the Rosaceae, Rijksherbarium, Leiden)
Removal of Donatiaceae (elevated from subfamily status) and Stylidiaceae from Saxifragales to Campanulales near Goodeniaceae (See Erbar, 1992, Can. J. Bot. 70: 258-271
Removal of Droseraceae from Saxifragales to Dilleniales, as listed above
Aralianae (1966) has priority over Cornanae (1992)
Brexiales (1833) has priority over Hydrangeales (1943)
Asteranae
Elevation of Barnadesieae to subfamily status, Barnadesioideae and recognition of tribal status for Helenieae p. p. in Asteroideae (See K. Bremer et al., 1992, Nord. J. Bot 12: 141-148) and Eremothamneae in Lactucoideae (See Karis, 1992, Taxon 41: 193-198; and Robinson, 1992, Taxon 41: 199-200)
In Campanulales return of Brunonia australis as Brunonioideae to Goodeniaceae (See Erbar & Leins, 1988, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 110: 263-282; and Lammers, 1992, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 388-413)
Also in Campanulales placement of Donatiaceae and Stylidiaceae near Campanulaceae, as indicated above
Elevation of Cyphioideae and Lobelioideae to family status in Campanulales as Cyphiaceae and Lobeliaceae (See Lammers, 1992, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 388-413), resulting in deletion of Campanuloideae
Solananae
Reduction of Nolanaceae to tribal status as Nolaneae in Solanoideae (See Olmstead and Palmer, 1992, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 346-360)
Lamianae (1966) has priority over Gentiananae (1992)
Rubiales (1829) has priority over Gentianales (1833)
In Rubiales (Gentianales) removal from Loganiaceae of Polypremum to Scrophulariaceae of Lamiales (Scrophulariales) and Plocospermatoideae as Plocospermataceae to position near Scrophulariaceae; removal of Potalioideae to Gentianaceae, forcing recognition of other gentians as Gentianoideae and eliminating need for subfamilies in Loganiaceae (See Jensen, 1992, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 284-302)
Lamiales (1838) must replace Scrophulariales (1933) because it is an autonym of Lamianae
In Lamiineae Phrymaceae is the conserved spelling over Phrymataceae, and Phil Cantino in Lamiaceae recommends division of the Teucrioideae into two subfamilies, new Teucrioideae with 23 genera and c. 870 species (incl. Aegiphila, Spartothemnella, Monochileae, most Clerodendreae and Caryopterideae and some Ajugeae) and Viticoideae with 16 genera and c. 685 species (incl. Teijsmanniodendron, Hymenopyramis, and most genera of Viticeae, Callicarpeae, and Tectoneae)
Lilianae
Smilacaceae, based on morphological and molecular evidence, should be transferred to Liliales from Taccales (Dioscoreales)
In Amaryllidineae of Asparagales return of Velloziaceae to Bromeliales, especially on basis of epicuticular wax crystalloids (see Froelich & Barthlott, 1988, Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 63: 7-128)
Taccales (1829) has priority over Dioscoreales (1876)
Taccales (Dioscoreales) erection of Pentastemona to family rank, Pentastemonaceae (See Bouman & Devente, 1992, Blumea 36: 501-514; Duyfjes 1991, 1992, Blumea 36: 239-252, 551-552; van Heel, 1992, Blumea 36: 481-499); and removal of Smilacaceae to Liliales, as indicated above
Cannales (1829) has priority over Zingiberales (1854), and Cannineae must replace Marantineae because it is the autonym of Cannales
Robert F. Thorne
22 December 1992