alopecuroidea Jacq.

amentacea Roxb.

ssp. wilkesiana (Muell.-Arg.) Fosberg Synonymy: Acalypha wilkesiana Muell.-Arg.

australis L.

berteroana Muell.-Arg.

bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng.

californica Benth. Synonymy: Acalypha pringlei S. Wats.

chamaedryfolia (Lam.) Muell.-Arg.

gracilens Gray

var. gracilens Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Slender copperleaf, slender three-seeded mercury (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Acalypha gracilens var. delzii L. Mill. , Acalypha gracilens var. fraseri (Muell.-Arg.) Weatherby

var. monococca Engelm. ex Gray Present in the Texas flora (treated as Acalypha monococca (Gray) L. Miller & Gandhi by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Slender one-seed copperleaf (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Acalypha gracilens ssp. monococca (Engelm. ex Gray) G.L. Webster , Acalypha monococca (Engelm. ex Gray) L. Mill. & Gandhi

hispida Burm. f.

indica L.

lindheimeri Muell.-Arg. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Lindheimer copperleaf (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Acalypha lindheimeri var. major Pax & K. Hoffmann

monostachya Cav. Present in the Texas flora (treated as Acalypha hederaceae Torr. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Round copperleaf (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Acalypha hederacea Torr.

neomexicana Muell.-Arg. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: New Mexico copperleaf (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

ostryifolia Riddell Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Hop hornbeam copperleaf (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Acalypha caroliniana Ell.

poiretii Spreng. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Poiret copperleaf (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

portoricensis Muell.-Arg.

radians Torr. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Round copperleaf, yerba de la rabia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

setosa A. Rich.

virginica L. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Virginia copperleaf (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

var. deamii Weatherby Synonymy: Acalypha deamii (Weatherby) Ahles

var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider Present in the Texas flora (treated as Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Rhomboid copperleaf (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Acalypha rhomboidea Raf.

var. virginica

Adelia L. - WILD LIME

ricinella L. Synonymy: Ricinella ricinella (L.) Britt. & Wilson

vaseyi (Coult.) Pax & K. Hoffmann Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Vasey adelia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

Alchornea Sw. - ACHIOTILLO

latifolia Sw.

Alchorneopsis Muell.-Arg. - PALO-DE-GALLINA

floribunda (Benth.) Muell.-Arg. Synonymy: Alchorneopsis portoricensis Urban

Aleurites J.R. & G. Forst. - INDIAN-WALNUT

moluccana (L.) Willd.

Andrachne L. - MAIDENBUSH

arida (Warnock & M.C. Johnston) G.L. Webster Present in the Texas flora, local name unknown. (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Savia arida Warnock & M.C. Johnston

phyllanthoides (Nutt.) Coult. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Maidenbush (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Savia phyllanthoides (Nutt.) Pax & K. Hoffmann

Antidesma L. - CHINA-LAUREL

bunias (L.) Spreng.

X kapuae Rock (pro sp.) [platyphyllum X pulvinatum]

platyphyllum Mann

var. hillebrandii Pax & K. Hoffmann Synonymy: Antidesma platyphyllum var. subamplexicaule Sherff

var. platyphyllum Synonymy: Antidesma platyphyllum var. hamakuaense Fosberg , Antidesma pulvinatum var. contractum O. Deg. & Sherff , Antidesma pulvinatum var. leiogonum Sherff

pulvinatum Hbd.

Argythamnia P. Br. - SILVERBUSH

aphoroides Muell.-Arg. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Hill country wild mercury, shrubby ditaxis (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Ditaxis aphoroides (Muell.-Arg.) Pax

argyraea Cory Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Silvery wild mercury, silver ditaxis (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

astroplethes Ingram

blodgettii (Torr.) Chapman Synonymy: Ditaxis blodgettii (Torr.) Pax

brandegei Millsp.

var. intonsa (I.M. Johnston) Ingram ex L.C. Wheeler Synonymy: Ditaxis brandegei var. intonsa I.M. Johnston

californica Brandeg. Synonymy: Ditaxis californica (Brandeg.) Heller

candicans Sw.

clariana Jepson Synonymy: Argythamnia adenophora auct. non Gray , Ditaxis adenophora auct. non (Gray) Pax & K. Hoffman

cyanophylla (Woot. & Standl.) Ingram Synonymy: Ditaxis cyanophylla Woot. & Standl. , Ditaxis diversiflora Clokey

fasciculata (Vahl ex A. Juss.) Muell.-Arg. Synonymy: Ditaxis fasciculata Vahl ex A. Juss.

humilis (Engelm. & Gray) Muell.-Arg.

var. humilis Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Low wild mercury, low ditaxis (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Ditaxis humilis (Engelm. & Gray) Pax

var. laevis (Torr.) Shinners Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Smooth wild mercury, smooth ditaxis (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Argythamnia laevis Torr. , Ditaxis laevis (Torr.) Heller

var. leiosperma Waterfall

lanceolata (Benth.) Muell.-Arg. Synonymy: Ditaxis lanceolata (Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffmann

mercurialina (Nutt.) Muell.-Arg.

var. mercurialina Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Tall wild mercury, tall ditaxis (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Ditaxis mercurialina (Nutt.) Coult.

var. pilosissima (Benth.) Shinners Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Fuzzy wild mercury, fuzzy ditaxis (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

neomexicana Muell.-Arg. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: New Mexico wild mercury, New Mexico ditaxis (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Ditaxis neomexicana (Muell.-Arg.) Heller

serrata (Torr.) Muell.-Arg. Synonymy: Ditaxis serrata (Torr.) Heller

simulans Ingram Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Plateau wild mercury (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

stahlii Urban

Bernardia P. Mill. - MYRTLE-CROTON

dichotoma (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. Synonymy: Adelia bernardia L.

myricifolia (Scheele) S. Wats. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Brush myrtlecroton, oreja de raton, palo de tarugo (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Bernardia incana Morton , Tyria myricifolia Scheele

obovata I.M. Johnston Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Desert myrthlecroton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

Bischofia Blume - BISHOPWOOD

javanica Blume

Breynia J.R. & G. Forst. - SNOWBUSH

disticha J.R. & G. Forst. Synonymy: Breynia nivosa (Bull) Small , Phyllanthus nivosus Bull

Caperonia St.-Hil. - FALSE CROTON

castaneifolia (L.) St.-Hil.

palustris (L.) St.-Hil. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Marsh caperonia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Croton palustris L.

Chamaesyce S.F. Gray - SANDMAT

abramsiana (L.C. Wheeler) Koutnik Synonymy: Euphorbia abramsiana L.C. Wheeler

acuta (Engelm.) Millsp. Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia acuta Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Pointed euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia acuta Engelm. , Euphorbia georgei Oudejans

adenoptera (Bertol.) Small

ssp. pergamena (Small) Burch Synonymy: Chamaesyce monensis Millsp. , Euphorbia adenoptera ssp. pergamena (Small) Oudejans , Euphorbia pergamena Small

albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia albomarginata T. & G. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Whitemargin euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia albomarginata Torr. & Gray

angusta (Engelm.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia angusta Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Blackfoot euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia angusta Engelm.

arizonica (Engelm.) Arthur Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia arizonica Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Arizona euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce versicolor (Greene) J.B.S. Norton , Euphorbia arizonica Engelm. , Euphorbia versicolor Greene

arnottiana (Endl.) O.& I. Deg. Synonymy: Anisophyllum virgatum Klotzsch & Garcke , Chamaesyce hookeri (Steud.) Arthur , Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. , Euphorbia hookeri (Steud.) Arthur , Euphorbia hookeri var. typica Sherff , Euphorbia myrtifolia Hook. & Arn.

articulata (Aubl.) Britt. Synonymy: Chamaesyce linearis (Retz.) Millsp. , Chamaesyce vahlii (Willd.) P. Wilson , Euphorbia articulata Aubl. , Euphorbia linearis Retz.

astyla (Engelm. ex Boiss.) Millsp. Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia astyla Engelm. ex Boiss. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Alkali euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia astyla Engelm. ex Boiss.

atrococca (Heller) Croizat & Deg. Synonymy: Chamaesyce atrococca var. kilaueana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce atrococca var. kokeeana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia atrococca Heller , Euphorbia atrococca var. kilaueana Sherff , Euphorbia atrococca var. kokeeana Sherff , Euphorbia atrococca var. typica Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. pseudoniuensis O. Deg. & Sherff , Euphorbia multiformis var. mohihiensis Sherff

berteriana (Balbis ex Spreng.) Millsp. Synonymy: Euphorbia berteriana Balbis ex Spreng. , Euphorbia stipitata Millsp.

blodgettii (Engelm. ex A.S. Hitchc.) Small Synonymy: Chamaesyce chiogenes Small , Chamaesyce nashii Small , Euphorbia blodgettii Engelm. ex A.S. Hitchc. , Euphorbia chiogenes (Small) Oudejans

bombensis (Jacq.) Dugand Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia ammannioides Kunth in H.B.K. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Ingalls euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce ammannioides (Kunth) Small , Chamaesyce ingallsii Small , Euphorbia ammannioides Kunth , Euphorbia bombensis Jacq.

capitellata (Engelm.) Millsp. Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia pycnanthema Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Head euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce pycnanthema (Engelm.) Millsp. , Euphorbia capitellata Engelm. , Euphorbia pycnanthema Engelm.

carunculata (Waterfall) Shinners Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia carunculata Waterfall by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Sand-dune euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia carunculata Waterfall

celastroides (Boiss.) Croizat & Deg.

var. amplectens (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. Synonymy: Chamaesyce celastroides var. halawana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce celastroides var. ingrata (O. Deg. & Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce celastroides var. kohalana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce celastroides var. saxicola (O. Deg. & Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce celastroides var. waikoluensis (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce multiformis var. manoana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia celastroides var. amplectens Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. halawana Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. ingrata O. Deg. & Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. kohalana Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. saxicola O. Deg. & Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. waikoluensis Sherff , Euphorbia multiformis var. manoana Sherff

var. celastroides Synonymy: Chamaesyce celastroides var. hathewayi Sherff , Chamaesyce celastroides var. haupuana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce celastroides var. humbertii (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce celastroides var. nematopoda (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia celastroides Boiss. , Euphorbia celastroides var. haupuana Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. humbertii Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. nematopoda Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. typica Sherff

var. hanapepensis (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. Synonymy: Chamaesyce celastroides var. nelsonii (St. John) Raju & Rao , Euphorbia celastroides var. hanapepensis Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. nelsonii St. John , Euphorbia rivularis Heller

var. kaenana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. Listed by the U.S. FWS as endangered, the FWS local name is `Akoko and the FWS range is: U.S.A. (HI). Listed on October 29, 1991 (Volume 56 Federal Register 55785). Synonymy: Chamaesyce celastroides var. niuensis (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia celastroides var. kaenana Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. niuensis Sherff

var. laehiensis (O.& I. Deg. & Sherff) Koutnik Synonymy: Euphorbia celastroides var. laehiensis O.& I. Deg. & Sherff

var. lorifolia (Gray) O.& I. Deg. Synonymy: Chamaesyce celastroides var. mauiensis (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce celastroides var. odonatoides (O. Deg. & Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia (Gray) Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. mauiensis Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. odonatoides O. Deg. & Sherff , Euphorbia lorifolia (Gray) Hbd. , Euphorbia multiformis var. lorifolia Gray

var. stokesii (Forbes) O.& I. Deg. Synonymy: Chamaesyce celastroides var. kealiana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce celastroides var. moomomiana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia celastroides var. kealiana Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. moomomiana Sherff , Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii (Forbes) Sherff

var. tomentella (Boiss.) Koutnik Synonymy: Chamaesyce multiformis var. kaalana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce multiformis var. perdita (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce multiformis var. tomentella (Boiss.) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia celastroides var. tomentella (Boiss.) Oudejans , Euphorbia multiformis var. kaalana Sherff , Euphorbia multiformis var. perdita Sherff , Euphorbia multiformis var. tomentella Boiss. , Euphorbia oahuensis Skottsberg

chaetocalyx (Boiss.) Woot. & Standl.

var. chaetocalyx Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia chaetocalys (Boiss.) Tidestr. var. chaetocalys by Hatch et al, 1990) (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce fendleri var. chaetocalyx (Boiss.) Shinners , Euphorbia chaetocalyx (Boiss.) Tidestrom , Euphorbia fendleri var. chaetocalyx Boiss.

var. triligulata (L.C. Wheeler) Mayfield Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia chaetocalys (Boiss.) Tidestr. var. triligulata (Wheeler) M.C. Johnst. by Hatch et al, 1990) (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia chaetocalyx var. triligulata (L.C. Wheeler) M.C. Johnston , Euphorbia fendleri var. triligulata L.C. Wheeler

cinerascens (Engelm.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia cinerascens Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Shy euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia cinerascens Engelm.

clusiifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Arthur Synonymy: Anisophyllum nodosum Klotzsch & Garcke , Chamaesyce forbesii (Sherff) Croizat & Deg. , Euphorbia clusiifolia Hook. & Arn. , Euphorbia forbesii Sherff

conferta Small Synonymy: Euphorbia conferta (Small) B.E. Sm.

cordifolia (Ell.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia cordifolia Ell. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Heartleaf euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia cordifolia Ell.

cowellii Millsp. ex Britt. Synonymy: Euphorbia cowellii (Millsp. ex Britt.) Oudejans

cumulicola Small Synonymy: Euphorbia cumulicola (Small) Oudejans

degeneri (Sherff) Croizat & Deg. Synonymy: Anisophyllum cordatum (Meyen) Klotzsch & Garcke , Chamaesyce cordata (Meyen) Arthur , Chamaesyce degeneri var. molokaiensis (Sherff) O. Deg. & Croizat , Euphorbia cordata Meyen , Euphorbia degeneri Sherff , Euphorbia degeneri var. molokaiensis Sherff , Euphorbia degeneri var. typica Sherff

deltoidea (Engelm. ex Chapman) Small Listed by the U.S. FWS as endangered, the FWS local name is Deltoid spurge and the FWS range is: U.S.A. (FL). Listed on July 18, 1985 (Volume 50 Federal Register 29349).

ssp. adhaerens (Small) Herndon Synonymy: Chamaesyce adhaerens Small , Chamaesyce deltoidea var. adhaerens (Small) Burch

ssp. deltoidea Synonymy: Euphorbia deltoidea Engelm. ex Chapman

ssp. pinetorum (Small) Herndon Synonymy: Chamaesyce pinetorum Small , Euphorbia smallii Oudejans

ssp. serpyllum (Small) Burch Synonymy: Chamaesyce serpyllum Small , Euphorbia deltoidea var. serpyllum (Small) Oudejans

deppeana (Boiss.) Millsp. Listed by the U.S. FWS as endangered, the FWS local name is `Akoko and the FWS range is: U.S.A. (HI). Listed on March 28, 1994 (Volume 59 Federal Register 14493). Synonymy: Anisophyllum californicum Klotzsch & Garcke , Chamaesyce festiva (Sherff) Croizat & Deg. , Euphorbia deppeana Boiss. , Euphorbia festiva Sherff , Euphorbia pauciflora Nutt. ex Seem., non Dufour

dioica (Kunth) Millsp. Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia indivisa (Engelm.) Tidest. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Pine euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce indivisa (Engelm.) Millsp. , Euphorbia indivisa (Engelm.) Tidestrom

fendleri (Torr. & Gray) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia fendleri T. & G. by Hatch et al, 1990) (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia fendleri Torr. & Gray , Euphorbia fendleri var. typica L.C. Wheeler

florida (Engelm.) Millsp. Synonymy: Euphorbia florida Engelm.

garberi (Engelm. ex Chapman) Small Listed by the U.S. FWS as threatened - the FWS local name is Garber's spurge and the FWS range is: U.S.A. (FL). Synonymy: Chamaesyce adicioides Small , Chamaesyce brachypoda Small , Chamaesyce mosieri Small , Euphorbia garberi Engelm. ex Chapman

geyeri (Engelm.) Small

var. geyeri Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia geyeri Engelm. var. geyeri by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Geyer euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia geyeri Engelm.

var. wheeleriana (Warnock & M.C. Johnston) Mayfield Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia geyeri Engelm. var. wheeleriana Warnock & M.C. Johnst. by Hatch et al, 1990) (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia geyeri var. wheeleriana Warnock & M.C. Johnston

glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Ridgeseed euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.

golondrina (L.C. Wheeler) Shinners Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia golondrina Wheeler by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Boquillas euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia golondrina L.C. Wheeler

gracillima (S. Wats.) Millsp. Synonymy: Euphorbia gracillima S. Wats.

halemanui (Sherff) Croizat & Deg. Listed by the U.S. FWS as endangered. The FWS range of distribution is: U.S.A. (HI). Listed on May 13, 1992 (Volume 57 Federal Register 20588). Synonymy: Chamaesyce remyi var. leptopoda (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce remyi var. molesta (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce remyi var. wilkesii (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia halemanui Sherff , Euphorbia remyi var. leptopoda Sherff , Euphorbia remyi var. molesta Sherff , Euphorbia remyi var. wilkesii Sherff

herbstii W.L. Wagner Synonymy: Chamaesyce forbesii var. grandifolia Hbd. , Chamaesyce rockii var. grandifolia (Hbd.) Koutnik , Euphorbia herbstii (W.L. Wagner) Oudejans , Euphorbia rockii var. grandifolia (Hbd.) Oudejans

hirta (L.) Millsp. Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia hirta L. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Pillpod euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia hirta L. , Euphorbia pilulifera auct. non L.

hooveri (L.C. Wheeler) Koutnik Synonymy: Euphorbia hooveri L.C. Wheeler

humistrata (Engelm.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia humistrata Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Spreading euphorbia, hairy spreading spurge (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia humistrata Engelm.

hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia hypericifolia L. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Tropical euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce glomerifera Millsp. , Euphorbia bifida auct. non Hook. & Arn. , Euphorbia glomerifera (Millsp.) L.C. Wheeler , Euphorbia hypericifolia L.

hyssopifolia (L.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Hyssopleaf euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce brasiliensis (Lam.) Small , Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. , Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.

jejuna (M.C. Johnston & Warnock) Shinners Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia jejuna M.C. Johnst. & Warnock by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Dwarf euphorbai (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia jejuna M.C. Johnston & Warnock

X keyensis Small [garberi X porteriana] Synonymy: Chamaesyce porteriana var. keyensis (Small) Burch , Euphorbia porteriana var. keyensis (Small) Oudejans

kuwaleana (O. Deg. & Sherff) O.& I. Deg. Listed by the U.S. FWS as endangered, the FWS local name is `Akoko and the FWS range is: U.S.A. (HI). Listed on October 29, 1991 (Volume 56 Federal Register 55785). Synonymy: Euphorbia kuwaleana O. Deg. & Sherff

laredana (Millsp.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia laredana Millsp. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Laredo euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia laredana Millsp.

lasiocarpa (Klotzsch) Arthur Synonymy: Euphorbia lasiocarpa Klotzsch

lata (Engelm.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia lata Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Hoary euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia lata Engelm.

maculata (L.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia maculata L. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Spotted euphorbia, spotted spurge (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce mathewsii Small , Chamaesyce supina (Raf.) Moldenke , Chamaesyce tracyi Small , Euphorbia maculata L. , Euphorbia supina Raf.

melanadenia (Torr.) Millsp. Synonymy: Euphorbia melanadenia Torr.

mendezii (Boiss.) Millsp. Synonymy: Euphorbia mendezii Boiss.

mesembrianthemifolia (Jacq.) Dugand Synonymy: Chamaesyce buxifolia (Lam.) Small , Euphorbia buxifolia Lam. , Euphorbia mesembrianthemifolia Jacq.

micromera (Boiss.) Woot. & Standl. Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia micromera Boiss. in A. DC. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Pitseed euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia micromera Boiss.

missurica (Raf.) Shinners Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia missurica Raf. by Hatch et al, 1990) (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce missurica var. calcicola Shinners , Chamaesyce nuttallii (Engelm.) Small , Chamaesyce petaloidea (Engelm.) Small , Chamaesyce zygophylloides (Boiss.) Small , Euphorbia missurica Raf. , Euphorbia missurica var. intermedia (Engelm.) L.C. Wheeler , Euphorbia missurica var. petaloidea (Engelm.) Dorn , Euphorbia nuttallii (Engelm.) Small , Euphorbia petaloidea Engelm.

multiformis (Hook. & Arn.) Croizat & Deg.

var. microphylla (Boiss.) O.& I. Deg. Synonymy: Euphorbia multiformis var. microphylla Boiss. , Euphorbia multiformis var. tenuior Gray

var. multiformis Synonymy: Anisophyllum multiforme (Hook. & Arn.) Klotzsch & Garcke , Chamaesyce arnottiana var. integrifolia (Hbd.) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce hillebrandii (Levl.) Croizat & Deg. , Chamaesyce hillebrandii var. palikeana (O. Deg. & Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce hillebrandii var. waimanoana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia arnottiana var. integrifolia (Hbd.) St. John , Euphorbia hillebrandii Levl. , Euphorbia hillebrandii var. palikeana O. Deg. & Sherff , Euphorbia hillebrandii var. typica Sherff , Euphorbia hillebrandii var. waimanoana Sherff , Euphorbia hookeri var. integrifolia Hbd. , Euphorbia multiformis Hook. & Arn. , Euphorbia multiformis var. typica Sherff

nutans (Lag.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia nutans Lag. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Eyebane (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce maculata auct. non (L.) Small , Chamaesyce preslii (Guss.) Arthur , Euphorbia maculata auct. non L. , Euphorbia nutans Lag. , Euphorbia preslii Guss.

ocellata (Dur. & Hilg.) Millsp.

ssp. arenicola (Parish) Thorne Synonymy: Euphorbia ocellata ssp. arenicola (Parish) Oudejans , Euphorbia ocellata var. arenicola (Parish) Jepson , Euphorbia ocellata var. kirbyi J.T. Howell

ssp. ocellata Synonymy: Euphorbia ocellata Dur. & Hilg.

ssp. rattanii (S. Wats.) Koutnik Synonymy: Euphorbia ocellata var. rattanii (S. Wats.) L.C. Wheeler

olowaluana (Sherff) Croizat & Deg. Synonymy: Chamaesyce olowaluana var. gracilis (Rock) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce olowaluana var. lepidofolia (O. Deg. & Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia lorifolia var. gracilis Rock , Euphorbia olowaluana Sherff , Euphorbia olowaluana var. gracilis (Rock) Sherff , Euphorbia olowaluana var. lepidofolia O. Deg. & Sherff , Euphorbia olowaluana var. typica Sherff

ophthalmica (Pers.) Burch Synonymy: Chamaesyce gemella (Lag.) Small , Euphorbia gemella Lag. , Euphorbia hirta var. procumbens (DC.) N.E. Br. , Euphorbia ophthalmica Pers.

orbifolia Alain

parishii (Greene) Millsp. ex Parish Synonymy: Euphorbia parishii Greene

parryi (Engelm.) Rydb. Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia parryi Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Parry euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia parryi Engelm.

pediculifera (Engelm.) Rose & Standl. Synonymy: Euphorbia pediculifera Engelm.

perennans Shinners Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia perennans (Shinners) Warnock & M.C. Johnst. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Perennial euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia perennans (Shinners) Warnock & M.C. Johnston

platysperma (Engelm. ex S. Wats.) Shinners Synonymy: Euphorbia platysperma Engelm. ex S. Wats.

polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp. ex Parish

var. hirtella (Boiss.) Millsp. ex Parish Synonymy: Euphorbia polycarpa var. hirtella Boiss.

var. polycarpa Synonymy: Euphorbia polycarpa Benth.

polygonifolia (L.) Small Synonymy: Euphorbia polygonifolia L.

porteriana Small

var. porteriana Synonymy: Euphorbia porteriana (Small) Oudejans

var. scoparia (Small) Burch Synonymy: Chamaesyce scoparia Small , Euphorbia porteriana var. scoparia (Small) Oudejans

prostrata (Ait.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia prostata Ait. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Prostrate euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia chamaesyce auct. non L. , Euphorbia prostrata Ait.

remyi (Gray ex Boiss.) Croizat & Deg.

var. hanaleiensis (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. Synonymy: Euphorbia remyi var. hanaleiensis Sherff

var. kauaiensis (O. Deg. & Sherff) O.& I. Deg. Synonymy: Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis O. Deg. & Sherff

var. remyi Synonymy: Chamaesyce remyi var. kahiliana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce remyi var. lydgatei (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce remyi var. olokelensis (Skottsberg & Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce remyi var. pteropoda (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce remyi var. wahiawana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce remyi var. waimeana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia remyi Gray ex Boiss. , Euphorbia remyi var. kahiliana Sherff , Euphorbia remyi var. lydgatei Sherff , Euphorbia remyi var. olokelensis Skottsberg & Sherff , Euphorbia remyi var. pteropoda Sherff , Euphorbia remyi var. wahiawana Sherff , Euphorbia remyi var. waimeana Sherff

revoluta (Engelm.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia revoluta Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Threadstem euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia revoluta Engelm.

rockii (Forbes) Croizat & Deg. Synonymy: Euphorbia rockii Forbes

serpens (Kunth) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia serpens Kunth in H.B.K. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Mat euphorbia, hierba de la golondrina (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia serpens Kunth

serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small

ssp. hirtella (Engelm. ex S. Wats.) Koutnik Synonymy: Euphorbia serpyllifolia ssp. hirtella (Engelm. ex S. Wats.) Oudejans , Euphorbia serpyllifolia var. hirtella (Engelm. ex S. Wats.) L.C. Wheeler

ssp. serpyllifolia Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Thymeleaf euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce albicaulis (Rydb.) Rydb. , Chamaesyce neomexicana (Greene) Standl. , Euphorbia neomexicana Greene , Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers.

serrula (Engelm.) Woot. & Standl. Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia serrula Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Sawtooth euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia serrula Engelm.

setiloba (Engelm. ex Torr.) Millsp. ex Parish Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia setiloba Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Yuma spurge (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia setiloba Engelm. ex Torr.

simulans (L.C. Wheeler) Mayfield Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia simulans (Wheeler) Warnock & M.C. Johnst. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Big Bend euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Chamaesyce polycarpa var. simulans (L.C. Wheeler) Shinners , Euphorbia polycarpa var. simulans L.C. Wheeler , Euphorbia simulans (L.C. Wheeler) Warnock & M.C. Johnston

skottsbergii (Sherff) Croizat & Deg.

var. skottsbergii Listed by the U.S. FWS as endangered, the FWS local name is `Ewa Plains `akoko and the FWS range is: U.S.A. (HI). Listed on August 24, 1982 (Volume 47 Federal Register 36846). Treated by the FWS as Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana. Synonymy: Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. audens (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia skottsbergii Sherff , Euphorbia skottsbergii var. audens Sherff , Euphorbia skottsbergii var. kalaeloana Sherff , Euphorbia skottsbergii var. typica Sherff

var. vaccinioides (Sherff) Koutnik Synonymy: Chamaesyce multiformis var. haleakalana (Sherff) O.& I. Deg. , Chamaesyce multiformis var. kapuleiensis (O. Deg. & Sherff) O. Deg. & Sherff , Euphorbia multiformis var. haleakalana Sherff , Euphorbia multiformis var. kapuleiensis O. Deg. & Sherff

sparsiflora (Heller) Koutnik Synonymy: Chamaesyce multiformis var. sparsiflora (Heller) O.& I. Deg. , Euphorbia multiformis var. sparsiflora (Heller) Sherff , Euphorbia sparsiflora Heller

stictospora (Engelm.) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia strictospora Engelm. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Slimseed euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia stictospora Engelm.

theriaca (L.C. Wheeler) Shinners Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia theriaca Wheeler by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Terlingua euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia theriaca L.C. Wheeler

thymifolia (L.) Millsp. Synonymy: Anisophyllum thymifolium (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke , Euphorbia thymifolia L.

torralbasii (Urban) Millsp. Synonymy: Euphorbia torralbasii Urban

trachysperma (Engelm.) Millsp. Synonymy: Euphorbia trachysperma Engelm.

turpinii (Boiss.) Millsp. Synonymy: Chamaesyce albescens (Urban) Millsp. , Chamaesyce anegadensis Millsp. , Chamaesyce garheana (Boiss.) Millsp. , Chamaesyce portoricensis (Urban) Millsp. , Euphorbia garheana Boiss. , Euphorbia portoricensis Urban , Euphorbia portoricensis var. albescens Urban , Euphorbia turpinii Boiss.

vallis-mortae Millsp. Synonymy: Euphorbia vallis-mortae (Millsp.) J.T. Howell

velleriflora (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.

vermiculata (Raf.) House Synonymy: Chamaesyce rafinesquei (Greene) Arthur , Euphorbia vermiculata Raf.

villifera (Scheele) Small Present in the Texas flora (treated as Euphorbia villifera Scheele by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Hairy euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia villifera Scheele , Euphorbia villifera var. nuda Engelm. ex Boiss.

Chrozophora A. Juss.

tinctoria (L.) A. Juss. Synonymy: Croton tinctoria L.

Claoxylon A. Juss. - PO'OLA

sandwicense Muell.-Arg. Synonymy: Claoxylon helleri Sherff , Claoxylon sandwicense var. degeneri Sherff , Claoxylon sandwicense var. glabrescens (Sherff) Sherff , Claoxylon sandwicense var. hillebrandii Sherff , Claoxylon sandwicense var. magnifolium Sherff , Claoxylon sandwicense var. tomentosum Hbd.

Cnidoscolus Pohl - BULL-NETTLE AND TREADSOFTLY

aconitifolius (P. Mill.) I.M. Johnston

angustidens Torr.

stimulosus (Michx.) Engelm. & Gray Synonymy: Bivonea stimulosa (Michx.) Raf.

texanus (Muell.-Arg.) Small Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Texas Bullnette, mala mujer (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Jatropha texana Muell.-Arg.

Codiaeum Juss. - GARDEN-CROTON

variegatum (L.) Juss.

Croton L. - CROTON

alabamensis E.A. Sm. ex Chapman

var. alabamensis

var. texensis Ginzbarg

argenteus L. Present in the Texas flora (treated as Julocroton argenteus (L.) Didr. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Silvery julocroton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Julocroton argenteus (L.) Didr.

argyranthemus Michx. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Silver croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

astroites Dry.

betulinus Vahl

bonplandianus Baill.

californicus Muell.-Arg.

var. californicus

var. longipes (M.E. Jones) Ferguson Synonymy: Croton longipes M.E. Jones

var. mohavensis Ferguson

var. tenuis (S. Wats.) Ferguson

capitatus Michx.

var. capitatus Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Woolly croton, hogwort (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

var. lindheimeri (Engelm. & Gray) Muell.-Arg. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Woolly croton, hogwort (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Croton capitatus var. albinoides (Ferguson) Shinners , Croton engelmannii Ferguson , Croton engelmannii var. albinoides Ferguson , Croton lindheimeri (Engelm. & Gray) Engelm. & Gray ex Wood

ciliatoglandulifer Ortega Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Mexican croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

cortesianus Kunth Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Cortez croton, palillo (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

coryi Croizat Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Cory croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

dioicus Cav. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Grassland croton, rosval, hieba del gato, rubaldo (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

discolor Willd.

elliottii Chapman

fishlockii Britt.

flavens L.

fruticulosus Engelm. ex Torr. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Bush croton, encinilla, hierba loca (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

glandulosus L.

var. angustifolius Muell.-Arg.

var. floridanus (Ferguson) R.W. Long Synonymy: Croton fergusonii Small , Croton floridanus Ferguson

var. glandulosus Synonymy: Croton arenicola Small

var. lindheimeri Muell.-Arg. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Tropic croton, Lindheimer croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

var. pubentissimus Croizat Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Tropic croton, Bristly croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

var. septentrionalis Muell.-Arg. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Northern croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

var. simpsonii Ferguson

humilis L. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Low croton, salvia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Croton berlandieri Torr.

impressus Urban

incanus Kunth Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Torrey croton, vara blanca (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Croton torreyanus auct. non Muell.-Arg.

leucophyllus Muell.-Arg. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Two-color croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

lindheimerianus Scheele

var. lindheimerianus Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Thress-seed croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

var. tharpii M.C. Johnston Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Tharp croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

linearis Jacq.

lobatus L.

lucidus L.

michauxii G.L. Webster Present in the Texas flora (treated as Crotonopsis linearis Michx. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Narrowleaf rushfoil (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Crotonopsis linearis Michx.

monanthogynus Michx. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: One-seed croton, prairie tea (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

nummulariifolius A. Rich.

ovalifolius Vahl

parksii Croizat Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Park croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

poecilanthus Urban

pottsii (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg.

var. pottsii Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Leather-weed croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Croton corymbulosus Engelm.

var. thermophilus (M.C. Johnston) M.C. Johnston Present in the Texas flora, local name unknown. (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

punctatus Jacq. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Gulf croton, bierba del jabali, beach-tea (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

rigidus (Muell.-Arg.) Britt. Synonymy: Croton flavens var. rigidus Muell.-Arg.

sancti-lazari Croizat Present in the Texas flora, local name unknown. (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

setigerus Hook. Synonymy: Eremocarpus setigerus (Hook.) Benth.

soliman Cham. & Schlecht. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Soliman g. (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

sonorae Torr.

stenophyllus Griseb.

suaveolens Torr. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Scented croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Texas croton (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

var. texensis

var. utahensis Cronq.

trinitatis Millsp. Synonymy: Croton miquelensis Ferguson

wigginsii L.C. Wheeler

willdenowii G.L. Webster Present in the Texas flora (treated as Crotonopsis elliptica Willd. by Hatch et al, 1990) and known locally as: Rushfoil (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Crotonopsis elliptica Willd.

Dalechampia L. - SPURGECREEPER

scandens L.

Ditta Griseb. - JABONCILLO

myricoides Griseb.

Drypetes Vahl - ROSEWOOD

alba Poit.

diversifolia Krug & Urban

glauca Vahl

ilicifolia Krug & Urban

lateriflora (Sw.) Krug & Urban

Euphorbia L. - SPURGE

aaron-rossii A.& N. Holmgren

agraria Bieb. Synonymy: Euphorbia podperae Croizat

alta J.B.S. Norton

antisyphilitica Zucc. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Candelilla (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

bicolor Engelm. & Gray Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Snow-on-the-prairie (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

bifurcata Engelm. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Forked euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

bilobata Engelm. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Blackseed euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

brachycera Engelm. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Horned euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

chamaesula Boiss. Synonymy: Tithymalus chamaesula (Boiss.) Woot. & Standl.

chapmanii Oudejans Synonymy: Euphorbia nudicaulis Chapman

commutata Engelm. Synonymy: Euphorbia commutata var. erecta J.B.S. Norton , Galarhoeus commutatus (Engelm.) Small , Galarhoeus commutatus var. erectus (J.B.S. Norton) Small , Tithymalus commutatus (Engelm.) Klotzsch & Garcke

corollata L. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Flowering spurge, tramp's spurge (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia corollata var. angustifolia Ell. , Euphorbia marilandica Greene , Tithymalopsis corollata (L.) Klotzsch , Tithymalopsis marilandica (Greene) Small , Tithymalopsis olivacea Small

cotinifolia L.

crenulata Engelm. Synonymy: Tithymalus crenulatus (Engelm.) Heller

curtisii Engelm. Synonymy: Tithymalopsis curtisii (Engelm.) Small , Tithymalopsis eriogonoides Small

cyathophora Murr. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Painted euphorbia, wild poinsettia, painted spurge, painted leaf (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murr.) Griseb. , Euphorbia heterophylla var. graminifolia Engelm. , Poinsettia cyathophora var. graminifolia (Engelm.) Mohlenbrock

cyparissias L. Synonymy: Galarhoeus cyparissias (L.) Small ex Rydb. , Tithymalus cyparissias (L.) Hill

dendroides L.

dentata Michx. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Toothed spurge (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia dentata var. cuphosperma (Engelm.) Fern. , Euphorbia dentata var. gracillima Millsp. , Poinsettia cuphosperma Engelm. , Poinsettia dentata (Michx.) Klotzsch & Garcke , Poinsettia dentata var. cuphosperma (Engelm.) Mohlenbrock

discoidalis Chapman Synonymy: Tithymalopsis discoidalis (Chapman) Small

epithymoides L.

eriantha Benth. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Woollyflower euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

esula L.

var. esula Synonymy: Euphorbia intercedens Podp. ex Harrington , Euphorbia pseudovirgata (Schur) So¢ , Galarhoeus esula (L.) Rydb. , Tithymalus esula (L.) Hill

var. orientalis Boiss.

var. uralensis (Fisch. ex Link) Dorn Synonymy: Euphorbia esula ssp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Nyman , Euphorbia uralensis Fisch. ex Link , Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit., non Desf. , Tithymalus uralensis (Fisch. ex Link) Prokhanov

exigua L.

exserta (Small) Coker Synonymy: Euphorbia gracilior Cronq. , Euphorbia gracilis Boiss. , Tithymalopsis exserta Small , Tithymalopsis gracilis (Boiss.) Small

exstipulata Engelm.

var. exstipulata Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Square-seed euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

var. lata Warnock & M.C. Johnston Present in the Texas flora, local name unknown. (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

falcata L. Synonymy: Tithymalus falcatus (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke

floridana Chapman Synonymy: Galarhoeus floridanus (Chapman) Small

X gayeri Boros & So¢ ex So¢

graminea Jacq.

haeleeleana Herbst

helioscopia L. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Wardweed, reveille-matin (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Galarhoeus helioscopius (L.) Haw. , Tithymalus helioscopius (L.) Hill

helleri Millsp. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Heller euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

hernariifolia Willd.

heterophylla L. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Catalina (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia geniculata Ortega , Euphorbia prunifolia Jacq. , Poinsettia geniculata (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke , Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke

hexagona Nutt. ex Spreng. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Sixangle euphorbia, green spurge (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Zygophyllidium hexagonum (Nutt. ex Spreng.) Small

incisa Engelm.

var. incisa Synonymy: Tithymalus incisa (Engelm.) J.B.S. Norton

var. mollis (J.B.S. Norton) L.C. Wheeler Synonymy: Tithymalus incisa var. mollis J.B.S. Norton

innocua L.C. Wheeler Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Velvet euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

inundata Torr. ex Chapman Synonymy: Galarhoeus inundatus (Torr. ex Chapman) Small

ipecacuanhae L. Synonymy: Euphorbia arundelana Bartlett , Tithymalopsis arundelana (Bartlett) Small , Tithymalopsis ipecacuanhae (L.) Small

josei Oudejans

lactea Haw.

lathyris L. Value out of range (bonout3 : 571) Value out of range (bonout3 : 573) Present in the Texas flora, local name unknown. (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Galarhoeus lathyris (L.) Haw. , Tithymalus lathyris (L.) Hill

leucocephala Lotsy

longicruris Scheele Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Wedgeleaf euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

lucida Waldst. & Kit. Synonymy: Galarhoeus lucidus (Waldst. & Kit.) Rydb. , Tithymalus lucidus (Waldst. & Kit.) Klotzsch & Garcke

lurida Engelm.

macropus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. Synonymy: Euphorbia plummerae S. Wats.

marginata Pursh Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: snow-on--the-mountain (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Agaloma marginata (Pursh) A.& D. Löve , Dichrophyllum marginatum (Pursh) Klotzsch & Garcke , Lepadena marginata (Pursh) Nieuwl.

mercurialina Michx. Synonymy: Tithymalopsis mercurialina (Michx.) Small

milii Des Moulins

misera Benth.

myrsinites L.

nephradenia Barneby

neriifolia L.

oblongata Griseb.

odontadenia Boiss.

oerstediana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. Synonymy: Dichylium oerstedianum (Klotzsch & Garcke) Britt.

palmeri Engelm.

var. palmeri

var. subpubens (Engelm. ex S. Wats.) L.C. Wheeler

paralias L.

peplidion Engelm. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Low euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

peplus L. Synonymy: Galarhoeus peplus (L.) Haw. , Tithymalus peplus (L.) Hill

petiolaris Sims Synonymy: Aklema petiolaris (Sims) Millsp.

pinetorum (Small) G.L. Webster Synonymy: Poinsettia pinetorum Small

platyphyllos L. Synonymy: Galarhoeus platyphyllos (L.) Small , Tithymalus platyphyllos (L.) Hill

polyphylla Engelm. ex Chapman Synonymy: Tithymalopsis polyphylla (Engelm. ex Chapman) Small

X pseudoesula Schur (pro sp.) [cyparissias X esula]

pubentissima Michx. Synonymy: Euphorbia apocynifolia Small , Euphorbia corollata var. mollis Millsp. , Euphorbia corollata var. paniculata Boiss. , Euphorbia corollata var. zinniiflora (Small) Ahles , Euphorbia paniculata Ell., non Desf. , Euphorbia zinniiflora Small , Tithymalopsis apocynifolia (Small) Small , Tithymalopsis paniculata (Boiss.) Small , Tithymalopsis zinniiflora (Small) Small

pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch Synonymy: Poinsettia pulcherrima (Willd. ex Klotzsch) Graham

purpurea (Raf.) Fern. Synonymy: Euphorbia darlingtonii Gray , Galarhoeus darlingtonii (Gray) Small , Tithymalus darlingtonii (Gray) Small

radians Benth. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Bractstem euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Poinsettia radians (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke

robusta (Engelm.) Small Synonymy: Euphorbia brachycera var. robusta (Engelm.) Dorn , Tithymalus montanus (Engelm.) Small , Tithymalus robustus (Engelm.) Small

roemeriana Scheele Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Roemer euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

segetalis L. Synonymy: Galarhoeus austrinus (Small) Small , Tithymalus austrinus Small

serrata L.

spathulata Lam. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Warty euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Euphorbia arkansana Engelm. & Gray , Euphorbia dictyosperma Fisch. & C.A. Mey. , Euphorbia obtusata Pursh , Galarhoeus arkansanus (Engelm. & Gray) Small ex Rydb. , Galarhoeus obtusatus (Pursh) Small , Tithymalus arkansanus (Engelm. & Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke , Tithymalus missouriensis (J.B.S. Norton) Small , Tithymalus obtusatus (Pursh) Klotzsch & Garcke , Tithymalus spathulatus (Lam.) W.A. Weber

strictior Holz. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Panhandle euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Tithymalopsis strictior (Holz.) Woot. & Standl.

telephioides Chapman Listed by the U.S. FWS as threatened - the FWS local name is Telephus spurge and the FWS range is: U.S.A. (FL). Synonymy: Galarhoeus telephioides (Chapman) Small

terracina L.

tetrapora Engelm. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Weak euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

tirucalli L.

trichotoma Kunth Synonymy: Galarhoeus trichotomus (Kunth) Small

wootonii Oudejans Synonymy: Euphorbia delicatulata auct. non Boiss. & Millsp. , Zygophyllidium delicatulatum Woot. & Standl.

wrightii Torr. & Gray Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Wright euphorbia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

Flueggea Willd.

acidoton (L.) G.L. Webster Synonymy: Conami portoricensis (Kuntze) Britt. , Flueggea virosa auct. non (Roxb. ex Willd.) Baill. , Securinega acidoton (L.) Fawcett & Rendle

neowawraea W.J. Hayden Listed by the U.S. FWS as endangered, the FWS local name is Mehamehame and the FWS range is: U.S.A. (HI). Listed on November 10, 1994 (Volume 59 Federal Register 56350). Synonymy: Drypetes phyllanthoides (Rock) Sherff , Neowawraea phyllanthoides Rock

Garcia Rohr - FALSE TUNG-OILTREE

nutans Vahl Synonymy: Garcia mayana Britt.

Gymnanthes Sw. - OYSTERWOOD

lucida Sw. Synonymy: Ateramnus lucidus (Sw.) Rothm.

Hippomane L. - MANCHINEEL

mancinella L.

Hura L. - SANDBOXTREE

crepitans L.

Hyeronima Allemao - CEDRO-MACHO

clusioides (Tul.) Muell.-Arg.

Jatropha L. - NETTLE-SPURGE

cardiophylla (Torr.) Muell.-Arg. Synonymy: Mozinna cardiophylla Torr.

cathartica Teran & Berl. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Berlandier nuttle spurge, jicamilla (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

cinerea (Ortega) Muell.-Arg. Synonymy: Mozinna cinerea Ortega

cuneata Wiggins & Rollins

curcas L. Synonymy: Curcas curcas (L.) Britt. & Millsp.

dioica Sessé ex Cerv.

var. dioica Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Leatherstem, sangre de drago, rubberplant (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

var. graminea McVaugh Present in the Texas flora, local name unknown. (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

gossypiifolia L.

var. elegans (Pohl) Muell.-Arg. Synonymy: Adenoropium elegans Pohl

var. gossypiifolia Synonymy: Adenoropium gossypiifolium (L.) Pohl

hernandiifolia Vent.

var. hernandiifolia Synonymy: Curcas hernandiifolia (Vent.) Britt.

var. portoricensis (Millsp.) Urban

integerrima Jacq.

var. hastata (Jacq.) Fosberg Synonymy: Adenoropium hastatum (Jacq.) Britt. & Wilson

var. integerrima

macrorhiza Benth. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Bigroot nettle spurge (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

var. macrorhiza

var. septemfida Engelm.

multifida L. Synonymy: Adenoropium multifidum (L.) Pohl

podagrica Hook.

Macaranga Thouars - PARASOL-LEAF-TREE

mappa (L.) Muell.-Arg.

tanarius (L.) Muell.-Arg.

Mallotus Lour. - KAMALA-TREE

philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg.

Manihot P. Mill. - MANIHOT

angustiloba (Torr.) Muell.-Arg. Synonymy: Janipha manihot var. angustiloba Torr.

davisiae Croizat

esculenta Crantz Synonymy: Janipha manihot (L.) Kunth , Jatropha manihot L. , Manihot manihot (L.) Cockerell , Manihot utilissima Pohl

glaziovii Muell.-Arg.

grahamii Hook.

subspicata Rogers & Appan

walkerae Croizat Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Walker monihot (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Listed by the U.S. FWS as endangered, the FWS local name is Walker's manioc and the FWS range is: U.S.A. (TX), Mexico. Listed on October 2, 1991 (Volume 56 Federal Register 49853).

Margaritaria L. f. - HOGBERRY

nobilis L. f. Synonymy: Phyllanthus nobilis (L. f.) Muell.-Arg.

Mercurialis L. - MERCURY

annua L.

Pedilanthus Neck. ex Poit. - REDBIRD-FLOWER

tithymaloides (L.) Poit.

ssp. angustifolius (Poit.) Dressler Synonymy: Pedilanthus angustifolius Poit. , Pedilanthus tithymaloides var. angustifolius (Poit.) Griseb.

ssp. padifolius (L.) Dressler Synonymy: Pedilanthus padifolius (L.) Poit.

ssp. parasiticus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Dressler Synonymy: Pedilanthus latifolius Millsp. & Britt.

ssp. smallii (Millsp.) Dressler Synonymy: Pedilanthus smallii Millsp. , Tithymalus smallii (Millsp.) Small

ssp. tithymaloides

Pera Mutis - JIQI

bumeliifolia Griseb.

Phyllanthus L. - GOOSEBERRY-TREE AND LEAF-FLOWER

abnormis Baill.

var. abnormis Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Drummond leaf flower (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Phyllanthus drummondii Small , Phyllanthus garberi Small

var. riograndensis G.L. Webster Present in the Texas flora, local name unknown. (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

acidus (L.) Skeels Synonymy: Cicca acidua (L.) Merr. , Cicca disticha L. , Phyllanthus distichus (L.) Muell.-Arg.

acuminatus Vahl

amarus Schumacher

angustifolius (Sw.) Sw.

caroliniensis Walt. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Carolina leaf flower (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

ssp. caroliniensis

ssp. saxicola (Small) G.L. Webster Synonymy: Phyllanthus pruinosus auct. non Poepp. ex L.C. Rich. , Phyllanthus saxicola Small

cuneifolius (Britt.) Croizat Synonymy: Andrachne cuneifolia Britt.

debilis Klein ex Willd.

distichus Hook. & Arn. Synonymy: Phyllanthus sandwicensis Muell.-Arg. , Phyllanthus sandwicensis var. degeneri Sherff , Phyllanthus sandwicensis var. ellipticus Muell.-Arg.

emblica L.

epiphyllanthus L. Synonymy: Xylophylla epiphyllantha (L.) Britt.

ericoides Torr. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Heather leaf flower (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

fraternus G.L. Webster

juglandifolius Willd. Synonymy: Asterandra grandifolia (L.) Britt.

liebmannianus Muell.-Arg.

ssp. platylepis (Small) G.L. Webster Synonymy: Phyllanthus platylepis Small

niruri L.

ssp. lathyroides (Kunth) G.L. Webster Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Flyroost leaf flower, pea leaf flower (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Phyllanthus lathyroides Kunth

ssp. niruri

pentaphyllus C. Wright ex Griseb.

ssp. pentaphyllus

var. floridanus G.L. Webster

ssp. polycladus (Urban) G.L. Webster Synonymy: Phyllanthus polycladus Urban

polygonoides Nutt. ex Spreng. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Knotweed leaf flower (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

pudens L.C. Wheeler Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Birdseed leaf flower (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

pulcher Wallich ex Muell.-Arg.

stipulatus (Raf.) G.L. Webster Synonymy: Phyllanthus diffusus Klotzsch

tenellus Roxb.

urinaria L. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Peewater leaf flower (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

Reverchonia Gray - REVERCHONIA

arenaria Gray Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Sand reverchonia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

Ricinus L. - CASTOR-BEAN

communis L. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Castorbean, higuerilla (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

Sapium Jacq. - MILKTREE

biloculare (S. Wats.) Pax Synonymy: Sebastiania bilocularis S. Wats.

caribaeum Urban Synonymy: Sapium glandulosum auct. non (L.) Morong

jamaicense Sw. Synonymy: Sapium aucuparium auct. non Jacq.

laurocerasus Desf.

sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Chinese tallow tree (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Croton sebiferum L. , Triadica sebifera (L.) Small

Savia Willd. - AMANSA-GUAPO

bahamensis Britt.

sessiliflora (Sw.) Willd.

Sebastiania Spreng. - SEBASTIAN-BUSH

corniculata (Vahl) Muell.-Arg.

fruticosa (Bartr.) Fern. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Gulf sebastiana, sebastian bush (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Sebastiania ligustrina (Michx.) Muell.-Arg.

Stillingia Garden ex L. - TOOTHLEAF

aquatica Chapman

linearifolia S. Wats.

paucidentata S. Wats.

spinulosa Torr.

sylvatica Garden ex L. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Queen's delight, queen's-root (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

ssp. sylvatica Synonymy: Stillingia angustifolia (Torr.) Engelm. ex S. Wats. , Stillingia salicifolia (Torr.) Raf. , Stillingia spathulata (Muell.-Arg.) Small , Stillingia sylvatica var. salicifolia Torr.

ssp. tenuis (Small) D.J. Rogers Synonymy: Stillingia tenuis Small

texana I.M. Johnston Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Texas atillingia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Stillingia sylvatica var. linearifolia (Torr.) Muell.-Arg.

treculiana (Muell.-Arg.) I.M. Johnston Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Trecul stillingia (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

Tetracoccus Engelm. ex Parry - SHRUBBY-SPURGE

dioicus Parry

fasciculatus (S. Wats.) Croizat Synonymy: Halliophytum fasciculatum (S. Wats.) I.M. Johnston

hallii Brandeg. Synonymy: Halliophytum fasciculatum var. hallii (Brandeg.) McMinn , Halliophytum hallii (Brandeg.) I.M. Johnston , Tetracoccus fasciculatus var. hallii (Brandeg.) Dressler

ilicifolius Coville & Gilman

Tragia L. - NOSEBURN

amblyodonta (Muell.-Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffmann Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Dogtooth noseburn (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

betonicifolia Nutt. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Betony noseburn (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Tragia urticifolia var. texana Shinners

brevispica Engelm. & Gray Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Shortspike noseburn (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

cordata Michx. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Heartleaf noseburn (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Tragia macrocarpa Willd.

glanduligera Pax & K. Hoffmann Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Brush noseburn (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

laciniata (Torr.) Muell.-Arg.

nepetifolia Cav.

nigricans Bush Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Dark noseburn (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

ramosa Torr. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Catnip noseburn (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Tragia angustifolia Nutt. , Tragia nepetifolia var. leptophylla (Torr.) Shinners , Tragia nepetifolia var. ramosa (Torr.) Muell.-Arg. , Tragia stylaris Muell.-Arg.

saxicola Small

smallii Shinners Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Small noseburn (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

urens L. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Wavyleaf noseburn (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone) Synonymy: Tragia linearifolia Ell.

urticifolia Michx. Present in the Texas flora and known locally as: Nettleleaf noseburn (Texas Distribution by vegetation zone)

volubilis L.

Vernicia Lour. - TUNG-OILTREE

fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw Synonymy: Aleurites fordii Hemsl.