Botany 201 - Taxonomy of Flowering Plants - Spring, 1995
Lecture Examination
II
Instructions: This is a replicate 'key' of the second lecture exam.
The final exam will be partially comprehensive (100 points). It is therefore
important to know correct responses to questions of the three hour exams.
Correct responses are highlighted for single response questions. These
are internal links that, on selection, will take you to an overview discussion
of the question and responses. Selection of the highlighted correct response
in the overview, or use of the 'back' button on your browser, will take
you back to the question. Similar linkage for 'matching' questions is via
the verb of the question.
1. The following sequence of taxonomic names represents
which sequence of ranks in the taxonomic hierarchy: Magnoliales, Magnoliaceae,
Magnoliopsida, Magnoliidae
a. Genus, Order, Family, Subclass
b. Order, Family, Class, Subclass
c. Genus, Family, Order, Subclass
d. Family, Subclass, Order, Division
e. Order, Division, Class, Subclass
Identify the Family: (questions 2 - 8)
2. Woody, syncarpous plants with simple
leaves and unisexual flowers:
a. Fagaceae b. Magnoliaceae c. Juglandaceae
d. Winteraceae e. Caryophyllaceae
3. Woody, apetalous plants that often produce multiple
fruits:
a. Magnoliaceae b. Moraceae c. Fagaceae
d. Juglandaceae e. Urticaceae
4. Woody, syncarpous plants with compound leaves and unisexual
flowers:
a. Amaranthaceae b. Cannabaceae c. Juglandaceae
d. Papaveraceae e. Moraceae
5. Mostly herbs with swollen nodes, alternate leaves,
and perfect flowers:
a. Papaveraceae b. Polygonaceae c. Caryophyllaceae
d. Cactaceae e. Moraceae
6. Dioecious, anemophilous, herbaceous plants that are
often placed within the Moraceae:
a. Juglandaceae b. Cannabaceae c. Papaveraceae
d. Phytolaccaceae e. Cactaceae
7. Fruit often a denticidal capsule:
a. Papaveraceae b. Cactaceae c. Winteraceae
d. Caryophyllaceae e. Cannabaceae
8. Both herbaceous and woody plants with betalains, full
syncarpy, and alternate leaves:
a. Papaveraceae b. Chenopodiaceae c. Ranunculaceae
d. Phytolaccaceae e. Caryophyllaceae
Link the appropriate Subclass to key characters: (questions
9 - 11)
a. Magnoliidae b. Hamamelidae c. Caryophyllidae
9. Often dominant elements of the world's deciduous forests, reproductive
system often based on anemophily.
10. Mostly herbs that often show 'beaked' seeds which reflect
a peripheral embryo position.
11. Mostly woody and apocarpous.
Match term with definition: (questions 12 - 15)
12. halophyte a. diploid nutritive tissue
13. perisperm
b. pollinated by insects
14. anthesis c. flower open and fully expanded
15.
entomophilous d. wind pollinated e. plant adapted to saline conditions
Associate economically important genera to their
Family: (questions 16 - 20)
16. Ficus a. Moraceae
17. Beta b. Polygonaceae
18. Fagopyrum c. Chenopodiaceae
19. Liriodendron d. Magnoliaceae
20. Persea e. Lauraceae
21. The nomenclatural type that was designated by the
original author as the type specimen is known as the:
a. isotype b. neotype c. paratype
d. holotype e. lectotype
22. Select the family characterized by latex production:
a. Juglandaceae b. Magnoliaceae c. Papaveraceae
d. Winteraceae e. Fagaceae
23. The __________ matures to form a fruit, whereas a
mature _______ is called a seed.
a. egg, ovule b. carpel, pericarp c. ovary, microgametophyte
d. funiculus, ovary e. ovary, ovule
24. Select the family characterized by opposite leaves:
a. Magnoliaceae b. Juglandaceae c. Caryophyllaceae
d. Papaveraceae e. Fagaceae
25. Select the xerophytic taxon:
a. Opuntia b. Magnoliaceae c. Fagaceae
d. Dianthus e. Papaver
26. Which taxon stands as a possible link between the
Magnoliopsida and the Liliopsida?:
a. Magnoliaceae b. Thalictrum c. Nymphaeales
d. Caryophyllales e. Lauraceae
27. Which of the following is unique to the Magnoliophyta:
a. pericarp b. xylem c. funiculus d. meristem e. ovule
28. Who is responsible for bringing the Latin binomial
into common usage as an essential part of plant nomenclature?
a. A. P. de Candolle b. A. Engler c. J. Lamark
d. C. Bessey e. C. Linnaeus
Identify the Family: (questions 29 - 34)
29. Apocarpous, woody plants with perfect flowers
and a circular stipule scar:
a. Magnoliaceae b. Fagaceae c. Juglandaceae
d. Moraceae e. Urticaceae
30. Woody perennials of the southern hemisphere that
lack vessel elements in the xylem:
a. Magnoliaceae b. Winteraceae c. Papaveraceae
d. Fagaceae e. Juglandaceae
31. Epigynous, often succulent, herbs with fugacious
leaves:
a. Cactaceae b. Urticaceae c. Winteraceae
d. Amaranthaceae e. Caryophyllaceae
32. Associated with the Chenopodiaceae, but differing
by a lack of connation in the perianth:
a. Moraceae b. Papaveraceae c. Polygonaceae
d. Amaranthaceae e. Caryophyllaceae
33. Apocarpous herbs of the Magnoliidae:
a. Papaveraceae b. Lauraceae c. Chenopodiaceae
d. Cactaceae e. Ranunculaceae
34. Syncarpous herbs of the Hamamelidae:
a. Urticaceae b. Polygonaceae c. Moraceae
d. Lauraceae e. Fagaceae
Match structures with associated taxa: (questions
35 - 39)
35. areole a. Caryophyllaceae
36. synconium b. Ficus
37. ocrea c. Polygonaceae
38. poricidal capsule d. Papaveraceae
39. clawed petals e. Cactaceae
40. We did not have an International Code of Botanical
Nomenclature until ______, but the Principal of Priority extends back in
time to _____.
a. 1930, 1753 b. 1856, 1930 c. 1753, 1960
d. 1903, 1735 e. 1830, 1915
Response Overviews
1. The following sequence of taxonomic names:
Magnoliales, Magnoliaceae, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliidae
represents which sequence of ranks in the taxonomic hierarchy:
(or, 'Can you link nomenclature (name endings) with rank?')
a. Genus, Order, Family, Subclass
b. Order, Family, Class, Subclass
- APPROACH: Note rank of 1st name on list and screen available responses
for those proper rank (order - '-ales' in this case) in the first position
- only 2 (b. and e.) in this case. Note rank of next name in the sequence
and check the two possibilities - only one in this case (b.) with the 'order-family'
sequence.
c. Genus, Family, Order, Subclass
d. Family, Subclass, Order, Division
e. Order, Division, Class, Subclass
2. Woody, syncarpous plants with simple
leaves and unisexual flowers:
a. Fagaceae - all characters
fit this family of the Hamameliidae
b. Magnoliaceae - woody with simple leaves, but apocarpous and perfect
flowers
c. Juglandaceae - all characters fit BUT genera of this family show
compound leaves
d. Winteraceae - woody with simple leaves, but apocarpous and perfect
flowers, as sister family (response option 'b') of the Magnoliidae
e. Caryophyllaceae - matches with syncarpy and simple leaves, but
elements of this family, all herbaceous, usually show perfect flowers.
3. Woody, apetalous plants that often produce multiple
fruits:
a. Magnoliaceae - Woody, but polypetalous (separate petals in the
corolla) and no multiple fruits (although aggregate fruiting structures
often develop from apocarpous gynoecia).
b. Moraceae - fits all characters
c. Fagaceae - Woody and often apetalous flowers in a catkin or 'ament',
but fruit is typically a nut
d. Juglandaceae - as response 'c' above
e. Urticaceae - apetalous, but not woody and no multiple fruits
4. Woody, syncarpous plants with compound leaves
and unisexual flowers:
a. Amaranthaceae - not woody and with simple leaves
b. Cannabaceae - also not woody
c. Juglandaceae - fits all
characters
d. Papaveraceae - not woody with perfect flowers
e. Moraceae - fits all characters except compound leaves
5. Mostly herbs with swollen nodes, alternate
leaves, and perfect flowers:
a. Papaveraceae - fits all characters EXCEPT 'swollen nodes'
b. Polygonaceae - fits all
characters
c. Caryophyllaceae - fits all characters EXCEPT alternate
leaves
d. Cactaceae - as response 'a'
e. Moraceae - woody, flowers not perfect and NO swollen nodes
6. Dioecious, anemophilous, herbaceous plants that
are often placed within the Moraceae:
a. Juglandaceae - woody, monoecious and NOT associated with the
Moraceae or, for that matter, the Urticales
b. Cannabaceae - fits all
characters
c. Papaveraceae - perfect-flowered, entomophilous element of the
Magnoliidae
d. Phytolaccaceae - perfect-flowered, entomophilous element of the
Caryophyllidae
e. Cactaceae - perfect-flowered, entomophilous element of the Caryophyllidae
7. Fruit often a denticidal capsule:
a. Papaveraceae - fruit a capsule, but often poricidal
b. Cactaceae - fruit a berry
c. Winteraceae - fruit unicarpellate, a follicle
d. Caryophyllaceae - this
- dehiscence by terminal 'valves' is one of many good key characters for
this family
e. Cannabaceae - fruit single-seeded - an achene
8. Both herbaceous and woody plants with betalains,
full syncarpy, and alternate leaves: (The character 'betalains'
points toward a subclass (Caryophyllidae) - other characters allow 'sorting'
of families circumscribed within that subclass)
a. Papaveraceae - all herbs and no betalains
b. Chenopodiaceae - all characters
are consistent with this family
c. Ranunculaceae - all apocarpous herbs with no betalains
d. Phytolaccaceae - betalains, but partial syncarpy
e. Caryophyllaceae - betalains, syncarpy, but opposite leaves
Link the appropriate Subclass to key characters: (questions 9 -
11)
9. Often dominant elements of the world's deciduous forests,
reproductive system often based on anemophily: b.
Hamamelidae
10. Mostly herbs that often show 'beaked' seeds which reflect
a peripheral embryo position: c. Caryophyllidae
11. Mostly woody and apocarpous: a.
Magnoliidae
Match term with definition: (questions 12 - 15)
12. halophyte: e. plant adapted to saline
conditions
13. perisperm:a. diploid nutritive tissue
14. anthesis:c. flower open and fully expanded
15. entomophilous:b. pollinated by insects
(response 'd. wind pollinated' = anemophilous)
Associate economically important genera to their
Family: (questions 16 - 20)
16. Ficus (fig): a. Moraceae
17. Beta (beet): c. Chenopodiaceae
18. Fagopyrum (buckwheat): b. Polygonaceae
19. Liriodendron: (yellow poplar):
d. Magnoliaceae
20. Persea (avocado): e. Lauraceae
21. The nomenclatural type that was designated by
the original author as the type specimen is known
as the:
a. isotype - a duplicate of the original (holotype) type
specimen
b. neotype - a specimen selected when all original specimens and
their duplicates have been destroyed
c. paratype - a specimen, other than the holotype or isotype, that
was cited in the original publication of the name
d. holotype - the one specimen
used or designated by the author in the original publication as the nomenclatural
type
e. lectotype - specimen chosen by a later worker from original material
studied by the author of the species name
22. Select the family characterized by latex production:
a. Juglandaceae
b. Magnoliaceae
c. Papaveraceae - latex
production, like opposite leaves, is a 'subset' character. Only two families
covered to date show latex production; the Papaveraceae and Moraceae.
d. Winteraceae
e. Fagaceae
23. The __________ matures to form a fruit, whereas
a mature _______ is called a seed.
a. egg, ovule
b. carpel, pericarp
c. ovary, microgametophyte
d. funiculus, ovary
e. ovary, ovule - basic
terms that are fundamental to understanding the gynoecium
24. Select the family characterized by opposite
leaves:
a. Magnoliaceae
b. Juglandaceae
c. Caryophyllaceae -opposite
leaves, like latex production, is a 'subset' character. This is the only
family covered to date show opposite leaf arrangement as a circumscribing
character.
d. Papaveraceae
e. Fagaceae
25. Select the xerophytic (adapted to DRY
conditions) taxon:
a. Opuntia - a xerophytic
genus that is part of a xerophytic family
b. Magnoliaceae
c. Fagaceae
d. Dianthus
e. Papaver
26. Which taxon stands as a possible link between
the Magnoliopsida and the Liliopsida?:
a. Magnoliaceae - a basal element, but no linkage to the monocots
b. Thalictrum - relatively specialized genus (anemophilous)
of a specialized family (Ranunculaceae - herbaceous)
c. Nymphaeales - classic
(fide Charles Bessy) archaic flower BUT herbaceous and without vessels
(possibly lost due to aquatic adaptations) see Cronquist, A. 1988. The
Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants (NYBG). pp. 451-457.
d. Caryophyllales - few archaic features (reduced numbers of floral
appendages, syncarpy, synsepaly) and therefore not a likely candidate.
e. Lauraceae - basal at the subclass level (Magnoliidae), but, within
this context, relatively specialized (reduced number of floral appendages).
27. Which of the following is unique to
the Magnoliophyta(=flowering plants):
a. pericarp - ovary wall;
ONLY the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) have an ovary.
b. xylem - conductive tissue that is present in ALL vascular plants
(pteriodphytes [ferns], gymnosperms AND angiosperms)
c. funiculus - stalk of the ovule, present on all seed plants (gymnosperms
AND angiosperms)
d. meristem - centers of cell division that tend of define the Plant
Kingdom
e. ovule - see response 'c'
28. Who is responsible for bringing the Latin
binomial into common usage as an essential part of plant nomenclature?
a. A. P. de Candolle - played a part in development of the ICBN
b. A. Engler - responsible for the first major classification system
that carried a phylogenetic rationale
c. J. Lamark - known for non-Mendelian notions of inheritance
d. C. Bessey - established principals of phylogenetic connections
that are employed in modern systems of classification
e. C. Linnaeus - first to
use the binomial in a major work - Species Plantarum, 1753.
29. Apocarpous, woody plants with perfect flowers
and a circular stipule scar:
a. Magnoliaceae - all characters
apply
b. Fagaceae - woody, but syncarpous and flowers unisexual
c. Juglandaceae - as response 'b'
d. Moraceae - circular stipule scar, but flowers imperfect
e. Urticaceae - herbaceous with unisexual flowers
30. Woody perennials of the southern hemisphere
that lack vessel elements in the xylem:
a. Magnoliaceae Woody perennials with a north-temperate distribution
and vessels
b. Winteraceae - often placed
as one of the most archaic elements of the basal dicot subclass Magnoliidae
c. Papaveraceae - an herbaceous family with vessels and a worldwide
distribution
d. Fagaceae - Woody plants, but with a wide distribution and, as
is the case with all Hamamelidae, vessel elements in the xylem.
e. Juglandaceae - Woody plants, but with a north-temperate and,
as is the case with all Hamamelidae, vessel elements in the xylem.
31. Epigynous, often succulent, herbs with fugacious
leaves:
a. Cactaceae - Of possible
responses, the only epigynous family
b. Urticaceae - not succulent with functional leaves
c. Winteraceae - not herbaceous
d. Amaranthaceae - flower hypogynous, leaves photosynthetic, usually
not succulent
e. Caryophyllaceae - as response 'd'.
32. Associated with the Chenopodiaceae, but differing
by a lack of connation in the perianth: (association with the Chenopodiaceae
points toward a family of the Caryophyllidae)
a. Moraceae - Hamamelidae
b. Papaveraceae - Magnoliidae
c. Polygonaceae - Caryophyllidae, but Polygonales
d. Amaranthaceae - a visit
to the class assignment when we covered the chenopods, i.e., note differences
between Chenopodiaceae and its allied family.
e. Caryophyllaceae - Caryophyllidae, Caryophyllales - but not the
best response (genera typically show connation in the perianth)
33. Apocarpous herbs of the Magnoliidae:
a. Papaveraceae - Magnoliidae, but syncarpous
b. Lauraceae - Magnoliidae, but woody and syncarpous
c. Chenopodiaceae - Caryophyllidae
d. Cactaceae - Caryophyllidae
e. Ranunculaceae - only
response that fits the characters - the first POP QUIZ revisited
34. Syncarpous herbs of the Hamamelidae:
a. Urticaceae - essentially
ALL elements of the Hamamelidae are syncarpous, but most are woody. 'Nettles'
are, however, herbaceous plants
b. Polygonaceae - Caryophyllidae
c. Moraceae - Hamamelidae, but woody
d. Lauraceae - Magnoliidae
e. Fagaceae - Hamamelidae, but woody
Match structures with associated taxa: (questions
35 - 39)
35. areole - nodal spine cluster resulting from modification of
the lateral bud in the: e. Cactaceae
36. synconium - the strange, enclosed multiple fruit ('fig') that
is unique to: b. Ficus
of the Moraceae
37. ocrea - stipular sheath that is a good key character for many
genera of the: c. Polygonaceae
38. poricidal capsule - type of dehiscence that is rare in the angiosperms
but quite common among elements of the: d.
Papaveraceae
39. clawed petals - a distinctive feature that marks many genera
of the: a. Caryophyllaceae
40. We did not have an International Code of Botanical
Nomenclature until 1930 (final merger of European
and American 'codes'), but the Principal of Priority extends back in time
to 1753 (publication of Species
Plantarum).
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