1.  INTRODUCTIONS
2.  HAND OUT SYLLABUS - mention sequence and text

    A.  TEXT SEQUENCE - LEVELS OF RESPONSIBILITY
        1)  PRESENT IN TEXT
        2)  PRESENT IN TEXT, MENTIONED IN CLASS
        3)  PRESENT IN TEXT, WRITTEN ON BOARD
        4)  NOT PRESENT IN TEXT-MENTIONED OR WRITTEN ON BOARD [EITHER A DIGRESSION OR IMPORTANT]
        5) EXAM QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWER OR ESSAY [LOOK FOR LISTS, COMPARE AND CONTRAST, AND 'LINKAGE' QUESTIONS

    B.  TERM PAPER - WILL HAND OUT TOPICS PAPERS ON WEDNESDAY.

    C.  LAB - Extension of lecture.  Will take various forms:  DEMO, TOURS, TRIPS.  Focus will be on recognition  - structures, taxa (monocot vs. dicot, some families, technical [genus+species] names) and area of origin.

TAKE NOTES - LOOK FOR REDUNDANT ITEMS, BE SURE TO BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY IMPORTANT PLANT PRODUCTS IN TERMS OF STRUCTURE [VEGETATIVE OR FLORAL] AND CLASSIFICATION = GENUS, SPECIES, ORIGIN AND FLOWERING PLANT FAMILY - DEMO GOURD:  Lagenaria siceraria - CUCURBITACEAE - ORIGIN = EITHER SA OR AFRICA.

LAB PRACTICAL IS SERIES OF STATIONS WITH AN OBJECT AT EACH STATION, EXAMINE AND RESPOND TO QUESTION.  FIELD TRIPS REQUIRE PROPER DRESS.  DESCRIBE -  'AGGIE CUISINE'
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTIONS:

Relationship between plants and people relates to fundamental energetic relationships of the BIOSPHERE

The planet:  Lithosphere ('crust of the earth - mineral) - Atmosphere ('the air' -gas)
both are abiotic and massive - these relate to the BIOSPHERE - which constitutes a very thin layer between the lithosphere and the atmosphere - it contains elements of both other 'spheres', but is also UNIQUE:

     a.  rapid cyclic flux - turnover, cycles
     b.  complex
     c.  increasing (mass, complexity)
     d.  anti-entrophic (in a sense)

ENTROPY - EARTH IS UNIQUE IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM - WHY?  AT THE MULTICELLULAR LEVEL - HOW IS LIFE ORGANIZED? - PLANT [CELL WALL-CELLULOSE-GLUCOSE POLYMER-CHLOROPLAST].  WHAT IS UNIQUE ABOUT LIFE - ANTI-ENTROPHIC - INCREASE COMPLEXITY AND MASS.  HOW IS LIFE ANTI-ENTROPHIC? - INTEGRATED SYSTEM [BIOSPHERE] - RADIANT ENERGY CONVERTED TO CHEMICAL ENERGY THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS:

WATER + LIGHT --- CHLOROPLAST [WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN = EM SPECTRUM - PIGMENTS] = O₂+ENERGY [LIGHT REACTION] + CO₂ [CALVIN CYCLE] = CARBON COMPOUNDS

CONSULT BOOK (P. 8-11) AND KNOW [AT LEVEL OF BOOK] - THESE REACTIONS, KNOW WHY CARBON IS A LOGICAL CHEMICAL BASE FOR LIFE, AND KNOW THE STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE MAJOR CLASSES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - HYDROCARBONS, ALCOHOLS, ALDEHYDES, KETONES, ACIDS, AND AMINES.

5.  THUS, ANIMALS  ARE PARASITIC ON THE ONLY LIFE FORM THAT CAN TRANSFORM RADIENT TO CHEMICAL ENERGY - PLANTS.

"ALL FLESH IS GRASS" - next notion:

[ethnoflora as subset of world's flora]

'PLANTS AND PEOPLE' DEALS WITH THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ONE ANIMAL SPECIES [Homo sapiens] AND THAT PORTION OF THE PLANT WORLD WITH WHICH IT INTERACTS - THE ETHNOFLORA

TWO GENERAL AREAS OF INTEREST: 1) TECHNICAL VS. FOOD AND 2) ORIGINS

Extra time?:  1.  FLOWERING PLANTS:  ALL PLANTS CLASSIFIED INTO 15-20 MAJOR UNITS OR DIVISIONS [=PHYLA OF ANIMALS].  CAN ALSO BE BROKEN DOWN INTO:

NON-VASCULAR [ALGAE, MOSSES]

VASCULAR:  NON-SEED [FERNS AND ALLIED] AND SEED [GYMNOSPERMS AND ANGIOSPERMS] - DIVISIONAL NAME FOR THE FLOWERING PLANTS OR ANGIOSPERMS IS THE MAGNOLIOPHYTA [CA. 220,000 SPECIES DISTRIBUTED WORLDWIDE IN ESSENTIALLY EVERY HABITAT].  THIS GROUP IS CLASSIFIED INTO TWO CLASSES:  LILIOPSIDA [MONOCOTS] AND MAGNOLIOPSIDA [DICOTS].  BASIC WORKING UNITS WITHIN THE CLASSES ARE SUBCLASSES [GROUPS OF ORDERS] AND FAMILIES (OVERVIEW).

Classification overview:  FLOWERING PLANTS:  ALL PLANTS CLASSIFIED INTO 15-20 MAJOR UNITS OR DIVISIONS [=PHYLA].  CAN ALSO BE BROKEN DOWN INTO:

NON-VASCULAR [ALGAE, MOSSES]

VASCULAR:  NON-SEED [FERNS AND ALLIED] AND SEED [GYMNOSPERMS AND ANGIOSPERMS] -

DIVISIONAL NAME FOR THE FLOWERING PLANTS OR ANGIOSPERMS IS THE MAGNOLIOPHYTA [CA. 230,000 SPECIES DISTRIBUTED WORLDWIDE IN ESSENTIALLY EVERY HABITAT].  THIS GROUP IS CLASSIFIED INTO TWO CLASSES:  LILIOPSIDA [MONOCOTS] AND MAGNOLIOPSIDA [DICOTS].  BASIC WORKING UNITS WITHIN THE CLASSES ARE SUBCLASSES [GROUPS OF ORDERS] AND FAMILIES (ca. 440 with ca. 12,600 genera).

LARGEST ORGANISM ON EARTH - Sequoiadendron giganteum - Giant Redwood - GERMINATION - SHOOT VS. ROOT - TERMINAL MERISTEMS - CAPABILITY FOR CONTINUOUS GROWTH - SPECIFIC 'NODES' OF DEVELOPMENT AS IN ANIMALS NOT DEFINED IN THE GENETIC CODE of plants, I.E., CELLS CAN BE PRODUCED AS LONG AS THE HABITAT SUPPORTS PLANT LIFE.  THUS, THE LARGEST AND LONGEST-LIVING ORGANISMS [Used to be gymnosperm - bristle-cone pine - now looking at large woody perennial clones - Creosote bush, aspen] ARE PLANTS.  TWO PRIMARY MERISTEMS IN THE ANGIOSPERM EMBRYO:

1.  RADICLE - ROOT - SECONDARY - HAIRS - ABSORB, ANCHOR, SUPPORT [PROP , BUTTRESS, ADVENTITIOUS (MONOCOTS)], CONNECT [HAUSTORIA, VELLUM OR VELAMEN OF ORCHIDS] AND STORE [TAP OR TUBEROUS ROOT]

2.  HYPOCOTYL - SHOOT - TERMINAL VS. LATERIAL MERISTEM

DRAW - NODES VS. INTERNODES - 'PLUMBING SYSTEM' OF XYLEM (Economic importance? - wood) AND PHLOEM  (Economic importance - Sugar Maple - phloem exudate [PITH - 'RING IN DICOTS WITH PITH [PARENCHYMA TISSUE] IN CENTER, SCATTERED IN MONOCOTS IN MATRIX OF PITH].  NODE - JUNCTION IN THE PLUMBING SYSTEM TO THE LEAF [PETIOLE, BLADE - SIMPLE VS. COMPOUND - USUALLY PHOTOSYNTHETIC [THE SITE OF ENERGY CONVERSION AND GAS FLOW - STOMATES], SOMETIMES ABSENT [CACTI - STEM IS THE SITE OF CONVERSION - WHY?], SOMETIMES STORAGE OF BOTH WATER AND PHOTOSYNTHATE].

SHOOT PROVIDES A PLATFORM FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND A MATRIX FOR THE INTERNAL PLUMBING SYSTEM; SOMETIMES DISPERSAL [STOLON], SOMETIMES PHOTOSYNTHETIC [CACTI AND SUCCULENTS], OFTEN NOT ERECT [VINES - USING OTHER SHOOTS], SOMETIMES WITHOUT EVIDENT NODES [CONDENSATION - ACAULESCENT].

TRANSFER OF ENERGY - CONVERSION TO USABLE CELLULOSE

WOODY PERENNIALS - ESSENTIALLY CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION: [ca. 12,000 YR. OLD DESERT SHRUBS [CREOSOTE BUSH - Larrea divaricata] OF THE SOUTHWESTERN U.S., 4,000 YR. OLD BRISTLE-CONE PINE OF NEVADA MOUNTAINS] - CAMBIUM [COLUMN OF MERISTEMATIC TISSUE PRODUING ANNUAL RINGS OF XYLEM [WOOD-VESSEL ELEMENTS] AND PHLOEM [SIEVE TUBE ELEMENTS].  NOTE LIGNIN - ACCUMULATES IN CELL WALLS OF 'PROTECTIVE CELLS' [FIBERS - LONG, NARROW - AND SCLERIDS (SPHERICAL-SCLERENCHYMA TISSUE)

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS:  SHOOT STOPS FUNCTION DURING COLD OR DRY SEASON, ACTIVE MERISTEM RETAINED UNDERGROUND AND FUELED BY PHOTOSYNTHATE IN EITHER STORAGE ROOT [TUBEROUS OR TAP - SWEET POTATO, DIAKON, PARSNIP] OR MODIFIED SHOOT:

RHIZOME - HORIZONTAL, UNDERGROUND, ELONGATE
TUBER - TUBEROUS OFF-SHOOT OF A RHIZOME, CONDENSED
CORM - VERTICAL, CONDENSED

BIENNIALS:  PHOTOSYNTHESIZE ONE YEAR, ACCUMULATE PHOTOSYNTHATE TO FULE PHOTOSYNTHATE FOR THE NEXT YEAR'S REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT: [HUMAN INTERVENTION]

CARROT, RADISH - TAP ROOT
ONION - BULB [CONDENSED SHOOT SURROUNDED BY LEAF BASES THAT HAVE ACCUMULATED PHOTOSYNTHATE

ANNUAL - SHUNT PHOTOSYNTHATE TO SEED AT END OF GROWING SEASON

HUMAN INTERVENTION USUALLY SEED, BUT ALSO VEGETATIVE TISSUE (BRUSSELS SPROUTS, BROCCOLI, ETC)