I. Fill in the blanks: (30 points)
2. The flowering plant division Magnoliophyta is divided into two classes, the _MONOCOTS______ and the ____DICOTS________.
3. Malting is artificial germination of the cereal _BARLEY_______ to produce a class of enzymes known as __AMYLASES____ which breakdown __STARCH_______ to sugars for fermentation.
4. Pulque, produced by fermentation of juices from the monocot genus ___AGAVE____ can be distilled to produce the stronger beverage __TEQUILA____.
5. The molecular structure of vegetable oils consists of a backbone made up of __GLYCEROL____ upon which various types of __FATTY ACIDS___ are attached.
6. Wild African trees of Acacia senegal, a native of ___AFRICA____ in the family ___FABACEAE_____, are tapped to produce 90% of the world's supply of __GUM ARABIC___.
7. Commercial development of rubber was stimulated when ____MACINTOSH_______ discovered in 1823 that rubber was soluble in hexane, and the later (1839) discovery by ____GOODYEAR___________ of 'vulcanization.'
NOTE: 16 blanks here - everyone gets 2 FREE points!
** USE THIS ANSWER COLUMN FOR QUESTION V ALSO **
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1
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AA |
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a. Agave sisalana |
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2
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BB |
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b. Allium cepa |
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3
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U |
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c. Avena sativa |
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4
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NN |
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d. Brassica campestris |
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5
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MM |
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e. Brassica oleracea |
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6
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E |
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f. Camellia sinensis |
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7
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E |
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g. Cannabis sativa |
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8
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I |
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h. Capsicum annuum |
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9
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LL |
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i. Cichorium intybus |
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10
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L |
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j. Citrullus lanatus |
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11
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L |
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k. Citrus sinensis |
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12
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O |
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l. Cocos nucifera |
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13
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II |
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n. Colocasia esculenta |
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14
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Q |
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o. Cucumis sativus |
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15
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X |
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p. Cucurbita pepo |
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16
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OO |
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q. Ficus carica |
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17
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EE |
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r. Glycine max |
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18
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G |
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s. Helianthus annuus |
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19
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E |
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t. Hevea brasiliensis |
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20
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W |
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u. Hordeum vulgare |
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21
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FF |
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v. Ilex paraguariensis |
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22
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PP |
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w. Lactuca sativa |
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23
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CC |
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x. Linum usitatissimum |
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24
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V |
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y. Lupinus texanus |
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25
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KK |
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z. Lycopersicon esculentum |
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26
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C |
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aa. Medicago sativa |
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27
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B |
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bb. Musa paradisiaca |
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28
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K |
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cc. Musa textilis |
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29
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GG |
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dd. Oryza sativa |
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30
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JJ |
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ee. Parthenium argentatum |
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31
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H |
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ff. Phaseolus lunatus |
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32
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DD |
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gg. Pisum sativum |
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33
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T |
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hh. Secale cereale |
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34
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HH |
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ii. Solanum melongena |
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35
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A |
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jj. Solanum tuberosum |
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36
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R |
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kk. Sorghum bicolor |
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37
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N |
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ll. Theobroma cacao |
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38
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F |
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mm. Triticum aestivum |
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39
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Z |
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nn. Vigna unguiculata |
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40
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D |
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oo. Vitis vinifera |
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41
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J |
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pp. Zea mays |
III. Briefly define: (select 10 - 30 points)
Bombilla: metal 'straw' used in drinking Mate'
chicha: Native American beer: amylase provided by saliva
Convergent Evolution: similar characteristics arise in different lineages (bats and birds, cereals and pseudocereals)
Double Fertilization: angiosperm feature where BOTH sperm function in zygote and endosperm production
Epigynous: floral appendages attached ABOVE the ovary: inferior ovary
Heterosis: hybrid vigour
Laticifer: specalized latex-holding cell
Malt: partially germinated barley
Microgametophyte: sperm-producing plant of the angiosperm life cycle
Paracelsus: originated the 'Doctrine of Signatures'
Phloem: vascular plant conductive tissue: transports photosynthate
Retting: isolate bast fiber and allowing surrounding tissue to degrade
Xylem: vascular plant conductive tissue: transports water and nutrients
IV. You are on a job interview. Your potential employer (a botany buff), noting Economic Botany on your transcript, takes you to the supermarket to test your academic skills. Your mission: determine if the crop is of New World (N) or Old World (O), if the crop is a monocot (M) or a dicot (D), and what plant part is used (select most accurate item from the 'Plant Parts' group of responses . (select 15): (45 points)
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| Almond |
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a. Berry |
| Apple |
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b. Bractiole |
| Artichoke |
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c. Bulb |
| Cane Sugar |
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d. Caryopsis |
| Celery |
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e. Culm |
| Cherry |
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f. Drupe |
| Cloves |
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g. Endosperm |
| Copra |
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h. Flower bud |
| Corn Flour |
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i. Hesperidium |
| Fig |
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j. Inflorescence Bud |
| Grapefruit |
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k. Leaf |
| Irish Potato |
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l. Multiple Fruit |
| Onion |
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m. Pepo |
| Peach |
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n. Petiole |
| Radish |
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o. Pome |
| Spinach |
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p. Pyrene |
| Squash |
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q. Receptacle |
| Strawberry |
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r. Root |
| Sweet Corn |
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s. Stem |
| Sweet Potato |
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t. Stigma |
| Tomato |
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u. Synconium |
| Whole Wheat |
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v. Tuber |
NOTE: blanks and crossouts = no response, if not 7 blanks or crossouts %misses of those answered taken from 45
V. Using the list of species provided by question II, match species with description: (15 points)
2. F British use of this leaf-producing Asian shrub increased after yields from drupe-producing African shrubs decreased because of a blight in Sri Lanka
3. G A dioecious, wind pollinated annual that yields bast fiber, oil, and intoxicating resins
4. I Coffee substitute and leafy vegetable of the Asteraceae
5. R An ancient Asian legume that yields tofu and soy sauce
6. S The only major world crop that originated in what is now the United States.
7. U Perhaps the oldest cereal crop which serves, in modern times, a primary function in the production of beer
8.V A caffine-rich holly from southeastern South America
9. Z Evolved in central or South America, initially thought to be poisonous in Europe, later adopted by Italy
10. MM The world's greatest cash crop
11. EE A shrub from the southwestern U.S. and Mexico that provides an alternative to Hevea rubber.
12. NN An African bean that people tend to call a pea
13. DD The World's most important food crop
14. E A polymorphic, cruciferous species, not favored by President Bush, that provides food from stem, leaf, and inflorescence
15. JJ An edible stem from the Andes